推动职业教育高质量发展

ethan.wu

推动职业教育高质量发展

Promote Quality Vocational Education

雅言

Ya Yan



职业教育日益受到关注，越来越多的职校毕业生凭借扎实的技能，在就业市场上备受青睐。“职校学生还没毕业就被抢空”的话题也登上热搜、引发热议。数据显示，近5年，职业学校毕业生就业率持续保持高位水平，高等职业学校毕业生半年后就业率稳定在90％左右，中等职业学校毕业生半年后就业率稳定在95％左右。

Vocational education is gaining increasing attention. Employers scramble to vocational school graduates with strong technical skills. Many students get job offers before graduation. Stories about the marketability of vocational school graduates keep popping up on social media. Statistics show that vocational school graduates have consistently boasted a high employment rate over the past five years: about 90% for post-secondary vocational school graduates and about 95% for secondary vocational school graduates within six months of graduation.

职业院校学生成为就业市场的“香饽饽”，折射出职业教育在人才培养上的显著优势。近年来，职业教育不断增强适应性，调整专业设置，深化产教融合，与经济社会发展同频共振，进发出强劲的生机与活力。

As vocational school graduates become sought after in the job market, the benefits of a vocational education are brought to the fore. In recent years, the vocational education sector has been thriving thanks to its focus on enhancing its relevance by better aligning training programs with changing economic and social development needs and incorporating more real-world skills.

作为国民教育体系和人力资源开发的重要组成部分，职业教育肩负着培养多样化人才、传承技术技能、促进就业创业的重要职责。推动现代职业教育高质量发展，就必须更加深刻理解职业教育的价值意义。

As a key pillar of the national education system and the national human resource development strategy, vocational education is crucial for workforce training in a diverse array of skills in demand, including entrepreneurial skills. A clear understanding of the importance of quality vocational education is essential to its development.

一方面，大力发展职业教育符合人才成长规律。从人才成长的角度而言，人的个性、禀赋、特长不同，成长成才的路径也不尽相同。在实现出彩人生的机会上，发展职业教育无疑提供了更多选择。另一方面，大力发展职业教育符合社会经济生活对多样化人才的需求。随着我国进入新的发展阶段，产业升级和经济结构调整不断加快，各行各业对技术技能人才的需求也日益紧迫。破解当下劳动力市场中一些岗位无人问津、另一些岗位却挤破脑袋的结构性矛盾，让人才供给与经济社会发展的岗位需求相匹配，大力发展职业教育正当其时。

On the one hand, vocational training helps talent growth. As individuals have distinct personality traits, interests, and talents, their paths to self-development are not the same. Vocational training expands an individual’s options to develop their skills and talents. On the other hand, vocational training responds to the need for diverse talent in social and economic development. As our country has entered a new stage of development, with industrial upgrading and economic restructuring picking up the pace, the urgency of meeting the demand for technical and skilled personnel has become increasingly apparent. Developing vocational education provides a timely solution to a structural impediment to matching labor supply to economic and social development needs. The existing mismatch has left some jobs unfilled while others are flooded with applications.

当然，我们也要看到，相较于普通教育，社会对职业教育的接受度、认可度仍显不够。与此同时，飞速发展的新技术、层出不穷的新职业，也在催生着职业教育探索新模式。

Public perception is another issue, of course. General education remains a popular choice for many, whereas the bias against vocational education persists. At the same time, technological advances together with the emergence of new employment opportunities call for new approaches to vocational training.

从教育内部看，制约职业教育高质量发展的一些因素亟待破解。比如在普职分流方式上，亟须巩固职业教育类型定位，统筹推进职业教育与普通教育协调发展；再如部分职业院校专业设置和教学仍调整不及时，导致学生与岗位匹配“错位”，这就需要职业院校进一步强化产教融合。

Within the education sector, vocational education faces a number of obstacles that have to be addressed. For example, the way in which students are funneled into either general or vocational schooling leaves room for improvement. Vocational programs should be more focused on industry-specific courses. The development of vocational education should go hand in hand with that of general education. Another culprit responsible for some schools' lackluster performance is their failure to stay in synch with job market trends, resulting in skills mismatch. This underscores the importance of incorporating real-world skills in demand into training programs.

从外部环境看，职业教育发展是一项系统工程，需要全社会共同努力，提高技术技能人才社会地位，为职业教育发展创造良好环境。前不久人社部发出通知，要求维护、保障职业院校毕业生参加事业单位公开招聘的合法权益和平等竞争机会，种种举措正为职业教育发展提供有力托举。

Moreover, the issue of promoting vocational education has to be dealt with in a larger context. A whole-of-society approach is required. Efforts in this connection include improving the status of technical school graduates and creating better conditions for vocational education. In a circular issued not long ago, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security urges respect for the right of vocational college graduates to apply for jobs in public institutions through a fair and open competitive process, as part of the move to support the development of vocational education.

相信通过不断推动职业教育高质量发展，将成就更多“技能改变人生”的精彩故事。

We are confident that consistent efforts to strengthen quality vocational education will lead to more success stories about the power of life-changing technical training.